Abstract: With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the applicability of monitoring indicators for iodine nutritional status (INS) among populations has changed. Meanwhile, there are also limitations in the method for evaluating the INS among individuals. This paper reviews the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of the existing monitoring indicators for INS. The results showed that urinary iodine concentration combined with the estimated average requirement cut-point approach was a promising method for INS monitoring among populations; thyroid stimulating hormone was applicable to the neonatal population; and thyroglobulin, as a monitoring indicator among individuals, was the best method for school-aged children. Salivary iodide concentration has shown prospects as a biomarker of INS, but more research is needed to determine reference ranges and the optimal time and method for sampling.