Abstract: Objective To investigate ambient air quality changes and associated influencing factors in Taiyuan, China from 2014 to 2024, predict the Air Quality Index (AQI) and conventional air pollutants, and propose measures to improve ambient air quality, and to provide a scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of ambient air pollution. Methods Based on the ambient air quality, socioeconomic data, and meteorological data of Taiyuan from 2014 to 2024, the changes in ambient air quality were analyzed using the Sen's slope and Mann-Kendall test, and the factors affecting ambient air quality were determined through grey relational analysis. A grey prediction model was used to predict the AQI and conventional atmospheric pollutants in Taiyuan. Results Among air pollutants in Taiyuan from 2014 to 2024, the concentration of NO₂ showed no significant changes (the correlation coefficient τ=-0.16, P=0.533), the O_{3-8 h} concentration increased year by year (τ=0.93, P<0.001), and the other pollutants exhibited downward trends in their concentrations (τ=-1.00 to -0.66, P<0.01). Taiyuan's ambient air quality showed distinct seasonality, which was better in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. The grey relational analysis revealed that among the factors influencing ambient air quality in Taiyuan, the top three economic factors were gross domestic product per capita, coke production, and power generation, with relational degrees (\barx±s) of 0.669±0.044, 0.640±0.057, and 0.634±0.098, respectively; the top three non-economic factors were relative humidity, average precipitation, and park greenspace coverage, with relational degrees (±s)of 0.663±0.041, 0.652±0.052, and 0.626±0.079, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error of the grey prediction model was less than 20%, indicating that the prediction results are good and the model is reliable and accurate. According to the prediction results, in the next five years, Taiyuan's ambient air quality is expected to continue to improve, but with a rising trend in the O_{3-8 h} concentration. Conclusion From 2014 to 2024, ambient air quality in Taiyuan has generally improved, which is influenced by a variety of economic and non-economic factors. O_{3-8 h} pollution has become increasingly prominent, which should be prioritized with strengthened regulatory measures in future ambient air pollution control work.