Abstract: Public places are characterized by relatively high population density and complex environmental pollution, which can severely impact human health. Therefore, establishing a scientific and comprehensive risk assessment system is of significant public hygiene importance for effectively managing environmental health risks in these places. This study compiles and analyzes the composition and characteristics of existing environmental health risk assessment systems for public places both domestically and internationally, focusing on core components such as risk monitoring, risk assessment, and risk management. It identifies key problems currently existing in China in this field, including a narrow scope of risk monitoring in key places, limited monitoring indicators, and low monitoring frequency. Recommendations are proposed to address these issues.