Abstract: Drinking water health risk assessment is a critical component in safeguarding public health. Based on practical experiences from Jiangsu province, this study systematically analyzes the current status and existing problems in the development of a drinking water health risk assessment system in Jiangsu. It proposes recommendations regarding the pathways for enhancing drinking water health risk assessment capabilities, focusing on legislative safeguards, technological innovation, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The recommendations aim to provide a reference for establishing a refined and forward-looking drinking water safety management system during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.