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    山西省2019年饮水型地方性氟中毒情况调查

    Investigation of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi province, China, 2019

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 分析2019年山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区的改水工程运转情况、水氟浓度、8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率以及氟骨症患病率等情况, 探究各病区村不同水氟浓度下氟斑牙患病率是否有差异, 为精准优化防治策略提供科学依据。
      方法 根据《山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案》, 对山西省9个市62个县(区)的3 916个饮水型氟中毒病区村的改水工程运转情况、水氟含量进行调查和检测; 依照《氟斑牙诊断标准》(WS/T 208-2011)检查病区村出生且居住的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况; 在阳高、定襄、小店、太谷、襄汾、临猗6个县(区)中各随机抽样3个病区村, 进行氟骨症X线检查。
      结果 剔除无效数据后, 有3 907个病区村纳入统计分析。调查发现, 2019年病区村改水率达100%, 正常运行率98.11%。以1 mg/L为标准, 病区村水氟合格率为83.85%(3 276/3 907)。儿童氟斑牙检出率为12.71%(15 155/119 266), 氟斑牙指数为0.25。经X线检查, 临床氟骨症检出率约为12.86%(115/894)。
      结论 病区村改水工程运转状况良好, 水氟合格率较高, 但依然存在水氟超标的病区村。病区村儿童氟斑牙患病率整体符合国家标准。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the operation of water improvement projects, water fluoride concentration, and the prevalence rates of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years in the regions with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi province of China in 2019, as well as the difference in the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis across villages with different levels of water fluoride, and to provide a scientific basis for precise optimization of prevention and treatment strategies.
      Methods According to Surveillance Scheme for Drinking Water-borne Endemic Fluorosis in Shanxi Province, investigation and inspection were performed to assess the operation of water improvement projects and measure the content of water fluoride in 3 916 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis across 62 counties/districts of 9 cities in Shanxi province. According to the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011), the prevalence of dental fluorosis was examined among the children aged 8-12 years who were born and lived in these villages. Three endemic villages were randomly selected from each of six counties/districts (Yanggao, Dingxiang, Xiaodian, Taigu, Xiangfen, and Linyi), and X-ray for skeletal fluorosis was performed.
      Results After removal of invalid data, 3 907 endemic villages were included in analysis. The investigation showed that in 2019, the water improvement rate in the endemic villages in Shanxi province reached 100%, with a normal operation rate of 98.11%. With 1 mg/L as the standard, the qualified rate of fluoride in drinking water was 83.85% (3 276/3 907) in endemic villages. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children was 12.71% (15 155/119 266), with a dental fluorosis index of 0.25. X-ray examination showed that the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 12.86% (115/894).
      Conclusion The water improvement projects are functioning well in endemic regions, with a relatively high qualified rate of fluoride in drinking water, though the level of water fluoride still exceeds the standard in some villages. The overall prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children in endemic villages meets the national standard.

       

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