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    2025年春运期间石家庄市火车站室内卫生状况调查

    Investigation of indoor sanitation of railway stations in Shijiazhuang during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 了解春运期间石家庄市火车站室内环境卫生状况。
      方法 于2025年春运期间对石家庄市两个火车站室内连续开展7 d的多病原监测(监测火车站室内空气气溶胶和物体表面病原体)和常规监测(指标包括温度、相对湿度、风速、CO、CO2、PM10、PM2.5)。分析不同区域、不同车站、工作日与休息日火车站室内常规监测样本以及多病原监测样本的差异。
      结果 2025年春运期间火车站室内常规监测样本(n=91)中相对湿度达标率最低(达标率为0.00%), 其次是温度、PM2.5、PM10和风速(达标率分别为17.58%、65.93%、89.01%和94.51%), CO和CO2的达标率均为100.00%。休息日火车站室内相对湿度和PM2.5浓度高于工作日(Z分别为-3.01和-2.31, P < 0.05);火车站B PM2.5浓度达标率低于火车站A(χ2=14.87, P＜0.001), 休息日PM2.5浓度达标率低于工作日(χ2=6.34, P=0.012)。春运期间火车站室内多病原监测样本经荧光PCR检测结果显示, 共检出17种病原(包括呼吸道病原15种、腹泻病病原2种); 其中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高(44.29%), 其次为肺炎克雷伯菌(25.71%)和鼻病毒(22.86%)。物体表面样本的阳性率(96.40%)高于空气样本(50.00%), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.80, P＜0.001)。物体表面样本检出率较高的为金黄色葡萄球菌(89.29%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(60.71%), 空气样本检出率较高的为鼻病毒(28.57%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(14.29%)。
      结论 2025年春运期间石家庄市火车站室内空气中PM2.5和物体表面病原体污染较为严重, 今后应加强春运期间站内通风管理并提高对物体表面的消毒频率。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the indoor environmental sanitation of railway stations in Shijiazhuang, China during the Spring Festival travel rush.
      Methods During the Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, indoor multi-pathogen monitoring (for types of pathogens in indoor air aerosols and on the surfaces of the railway stations) and routine monitoring (including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, CO, CO2, PM10, and PM2.5) were carried out for 7 consecutive days in two railway stations in Shijiazhuang. The differences between indoor routine monitoring samples and multi-pathogen monitoring samples in different regions, stations, and time periods (workdays vs. rest days) were analyzed.
      Results During the Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, the qualified rates of indoor routine monitoring samples (n=91) were the lowest for relative humidity (0.00%), followed by temperature, PM2.5, PM10, and wind speed (17.58%, 65.93%, 89.01%, and 94.51%, respectively), and finally CO and CO2 (both 100.00%). The indoor relative humidity and PM2.5 concentration of the railway stations were higher on rest days than on workdays (Z=-3.01 and -2.31, respectively, both P < 0.05), with PM2.5 concentration qualified rate of Railway Station B being lower than that of Railway Station A (χ2=14.87, P < 0.001); the qualified rate of PM2.5 concentration was lower on rest days than on workdays (χ2=6.34, P=0.012). During the Spring Festival, fluorescence PCR assay of indoor multi-pathogen monitoring samples in railway stations revealed a total of 17 pathogens, including 15 respiratory pathogens and 2 diarrhea pathogens. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest detection rate (44.29%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.71%) and rhinovirus (22.86%). The positive rate of surface samples (96.40%) was significantly higher than that of air samples (50.00%) (χ2=16.80, P < 0.001). The strains with the highest detection rates were Staphylococcus aureus (89.29%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (60.71%) for surface samples and rhinovirus (28.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.29%) for air samples.
      Conclusion During the Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, the indoor air pollution from PM2.5 and surface pathogen contaminaiton from pathogens in the railway stations in Shijiazhuang are serious, making it necessary to strengthen ventilation management and increase the frequency of surface disinfection in railway stations during the Spring Festival travel rush in the future.

       

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